Vitamin A deficiency in Pregnancy...1

Vitamin A deficiency in Pregnancy...1





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According to WHO, 7.8% of pregnant women in Africa have night blindness and 15.3% have low serum retinol concentrations Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal mortality [3] and increased infant mortality rates during the first year of life 

 1...  Is vitamin A safe during pregnancy?
Since a number of foods in the U.S. are fortified with preformed vitamin A, pregnant women should avoid multivitamin or prenatal supplements that contain more than 1,500 mcg (5,000 IU) of vitamin A. Vitamin A from beta-carotene is not known to increase the risk of birth defects.”

 2...  What birth defects are caused by vitamin A?
These birth defects can include malformations of the eye, skull, lungs, and heart . Women who might be pregnant should not take high doses of vitamin A supplements. Unlike preformed vitamin A, beta-carotene is not known to be teratogenic or lead to reproductive toxicity 

 3.... Is vitamin A needed during pregnancy?
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that's stored in the liver. ... Vitamin A is particularly essential for women who are about to give birth because it helps with postpartum tissue repair. It also helps maintain normal vision, fights infections, supports your immune system, and helps with fat metabolism.

 4....  Vitamin A in Pregnancy
One of the hottest topics for pregnancy health is Vitamin A supplementation. Is it safe? How much is too much? Am I getting enough from my diet?
Before we get to the answers to these questions, it is very important to know that Vitamin A is an antioxidant that is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Vitamin A is one of many nutrients that plays a critical role in:
  • helping the body maintain homeostasis
  • prevention of anemia
  • supporting metabolism during pregnancy
  • tissue maintenance and development (cell growth) in pregnancy
  • fetal development, especially of the bones, teeth, skin, and vision
Tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) of preformed vitamin A in pregnancy and lactation (from foods and supplements) for women ages 19+ is 3,000 mcg RAE or 10,000 IU per day.
Vitamin A is available in the human diet in two forms. The first is preformed vitamin A, known as retinol and retinyl ester, that comes from animal foods – dairy products, meat and fish. The second is provitamin A carotenoids, the most common being beta-carotene (but also alpha-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) that comes from many orange, red and yellow fruits and vegetables, as well as a variety of dark green leafy vegetables.

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